Understand fiduciary duty, advisor compensation types, and how to verify your financial planner truly puts clients first.
Sectors & Industries
October 28, 2025
Table of Contents
A fiduciary financial advisor is a financial professional who has a legal obligation to act in the best interest of their client at all times. This means they must put the client’s needs ahead of their own, avoiding conflicts of interest or fully disclosing them if they exist. In practice, a fiduciary advisor provides transparent, unbiased advice aimed at benefiting the client’s financial well-being. Not all financial advisors are fiduciaries – only those registered (typically as investment advisors) or credentialed in a way that imposes fiduciary duty are held to this higher standard of care.
Fiduciary advisors (often Registered Investment Advisers or investment adviser representatives) are held to a fiduciary standard by law. They must exercise an “affirmative duty of utmost good faith” and full and fair disclosure of all material facts, and are prohibited from subordinating the client’s interests to their own. In practical terms, a fiduciary can only recommend investments or strategies that truly fit the client’s best interests, even if it earns the advisor less compensation. They are regulated under laws like the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and overseen by the SEC or state securities regulators.
Non-fiduciary financial advisors, such as many broker-dealers or insurance agents, operate under a different standard of care. Traditionally, brokers followed a “suitability” standard, meaning recommendations just had to be suitable for the client’s needs, not necessarily the very best or lowest-cost option. Since 2020, broker-dealers must adhere to Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI), which raises the bar toward acting in a client’s best interest when making recommendations, but this standard is still not as stringent or encompassing as a fiduciary duty. Importantly, Reg BI allows brokers to receive commissions as long as they disclose conflicts and believe the recommendation is in the client’s best interest at that time. Unlike fiduciaries, brokers are generally not required to continuously put client interests first outside of specific recommendations.
Key difference: A fiduciary advisor is always obligated to act in your best interest across all advice and portfolio management, whereas a non-fiduciary (broker or salesperson) is generally required only to avoid blatantly unsuitable advice. For example, a fiduciary must recommend the best available investment for you (even if it pays them less), whereas a broker could suggest a suitable but higher-cost product that yields a bigger commission. This legal distinction can significantly impact the quality and objectivity of the advice you receive.
The way an advisor is compensated often correlates with whether they are a fiduciary and what conflicts of interest may exist. There are three common compensation structures:
Commission-Based Advisors
These advisors earn money by selling financial products (stocks, funds, insurance, annuities, etc.) and receiving commissions or sales fees. Brokers and insurance agents typically fall in this category. Because their income comes from product providers or transactions, it creates a potential conflict: they have an incentive to recommend products that pay higher commissions. As a result, “commissioned...advisors receive compensation based on the specific financial products they sell”, and this inherent conflict of interest can make it difficult for them to put the client’s interests above their own. Commission-based representatives are usually not fiduciaries, but rather operate under the suitability or Reg BI standard described above.
Fee-Based Advisors
Fee-based means the advisor uses a hybrid compensation model: they charge client fees for advice or asset management, and can also earn commissions from selling products. For example, a fee-based advisor might charge you a financial planning fee or a percentage of assets managed, and separately earn commissions if you buy a mutual fund or insurance policy through them. These advisors are often dually registered – meaning they can act as a fiduciary in their capacity as a Registered Investment Adviser, but also act as a commission-earning broker or agent in other transactions.
This dual role can blur the standard of care; at times they may be acting in your best interest, and at other times they might be selling a product. Conflict of interest is still present, since “a fee-based advisor... may receive compensation from commissions from the sale of financial products”, which introduces bias despite any fiduciary intent. It’s important to clarify if a fee-based advisor will commit to a fiduciary approach for all recommendations. (Note: Many fee-based advisors do uphold fiduciary duty when providing advisory services, but one should ask how and when commissions come into play.)
Fee-Only Advisors
Fee-only advisors do not earn any commissions or third-party incentives – the only compensation they receive comes directly from the client (via fees for advice, planning, or portfolio management). This model is the most transparent and aims to minimize conflicts of interest. According to the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA), the fee-only method “is the most transparent and objective method available. This model minimizes conflicts and ensures that your financial planner acts as a fiduciary.” Fee-only planners are paid by clients for their advice and ongoing management, and accept no commissions for their work. Because there are no product sales influencing their income, fee-only advisors have less incentive to recommend anything other than what genuinely benefits the client. In fact, most fee-only advisors are fiduciaries by either registration or certification. They may charge hourly fees, flat fees, retainers, or a percentage of assets under management (AUM) for their services, but in all cases the payments come from the client, not from product providers. All NAPFA-member advisors, for example, work on a 100% fee-only basis and must sign a fiduciary oath to put client interests first.
Commission-based and hybrid fee-based compensation structures inherently carry conflicts of interest, since the advisor might be swayed (consciously or not) by payments for selling certain investments. This doesn’t mean all such advisors give bad advice, but extra vigilance is needed. Fee-only compensation, on the other hand, aligns the advisor’s pay with the client’s own objectives – you’re paying for their service and nothing else – which supports an environment where the advisor can truly act as a fiduciary with fewer conflicting incentives.
Choosing a fiduciary financial advisor offers several key advantages:
Best-Interest Obligation
A fiduciary is legally bound to put your interests first, giving you greater assurance that the advice and investment recommendations you receive are tailored to benefit you, not the advisor’s bottom line. This duty includes an obligation of loyalty and care – the advisor must employ “utmost good faith” in managing your money and disclose all important facts and any conflicts. In short, you can expect a fiduciary advisor to proactively act in your benefit, which builds trust.
Reduced Conflicts of Interest
Because fiduciary advisors often operate on fee-only or primarily fee-based models, they aren’t incentivized to push specific products for a commission. They have “no incentive to recommend specific financial products” that might earn them more money at your expense. This greatly reduces the likelihood of biased advice. By accepting only payments from clients (and not from fund companies or insurance carriers, for example), many fiduciaries “don’t have an incentive to recommend higher-commission options”, leading to more objective advice. Any potential conflicts (such as an outside business interest) must be disclosed to you fully, so you can make informed decisions.
Transparency in Fees
With a fiduciary, especially a fee-only advisor, the cost of advice is usually clear upfront – whether it’s an hourly rate, a flat project fee, or a percentage of assets managed. This transparency means no hidden charges or surprise commissions buried in fine print. You’ll know exactly how your advisor is compensated. While fiduciary advisors may charge higher direct fees, you avoid the opaque costs that can come with commissioned products (loads, surrender charges, etc.), which can actually save money or deliver better value over the long run.
Higher Standard of Expertise and Ethics
Many fiduciary advisors hold advanced credentials like CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ (CFP®) or Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA). The CFP Board, for instance, requires professionals to act as fiduciaries when providing financial advice and to uphold rigorous ethical standards or risk losing certification. Working with a credentialed fiduciary often means your advisor has demonstrated knowledge, experience, and a commitment to ongoing education. Fiduciary advisors registered with the SEC or state regulators are also subject to compliance rules and oversight that can give you confidence in their professionalism. (Of course, credentials alone don’t guarantee quality, but they often signal a higher level of dedication to the field.)
Client-Centered, Holistic Advice
Because they must focus on your best interests, fiduciary advisors are more likely to take a comprehensive approach to your finances. They often provide broader financial planning (retirement, tax, estate, insurance, etc.), not just investment picks, since holistic planning is usually in the client’s best interest. And since they aren’t trying to sell products to generate commissions, they can explore a wider range of solutions (for example, recommending low-cost index funds or advising on paying down debt – even if it doesn’t directly earn them more money). The result is advice aligned with your goals and circumstances, giving you peace of mind that your entire financial picture is being looked after objectively.
While the fiduciary model has clear advantages, there are a few potential downsides or considerations to keep in mind:
Costs and Fee Structure
Fiduciary advisors often charge fees directly to the client, which can sometimes feel more expensive or less affordable in the short term. For example, fee-only planners may charge an hourly rate, a flat planning fee, or ~1% of assets annually – costs that you pay out-of-pocket or see deducted from your account. In contrast, a commission-based broker’s fees might be less visible (built into product costs) or only incurred when you trade. As a result, fiduciary advisors “often charge higher upfront fees compared with commission-based advisors”, which can be a hurdle for smaller investors or those with simple needs. If you only need very occasional advice or have a small portfolio, paying a commission on a product here or there might seem cheaper than an ongoing fee. It’s important to evaluate the value you’re getting for the fee – unbiased, customized advice can be worth the cost, but you should ensure the arrangement makes sense for your budget and level of service needed.
Account Minimums and Accessibility
Because of the economics of fee-based business, some fiduciary advisors (especially those charging AUM fees) impose minimum asset requirements to become a client. They might require, say, $250,000 or more in investable assets, which can put them out of reach for individuals just starting out. This means smaller investors may find it harder to engage a fiduciary advisor, or the advisors may not be as plentiful for modest account sizes. There are fiduciaries with low or no minimums (for instance, some planners charge hourly or offer monthly subscription models to work with younger clients), but one might need to search a bit more. By contrast, commission-based brokers might be willing to work with anyone if there’s a chance to sell a product.
Solution: If you have a smaller portfolio, look for fiduciary advisors who specialize in your demographic or consider one-time planning engagements; you can also consider robo-advisors or online planning services for basic needs.
Limited Product Implementation
Because fee-only fiduciary advisors do not sell commissioned products, you may need to obtain certain financial products through other channels. For instance, if you need a specialized insurance policy or a high-commission investment (like a loaded mutual fund or certain annuities), a fee-only advisor will recommend what type and coverage you need but won’t earn a commission helping you buy it. You might have to purchase it directly or via an insurance agent. This can be seen as a positive (unbiased advice on that product), but it’s an extra step for the client. Also, some fee-only advisors, depending on state regulations, cannot collect commissions or even be licensed to sell insurance, which means they may only advise on insurance needs and refer you elsewhere to execute. In general, fiduciaries focus on advice, not product sales – which is usually a benefit, but it could mean an extra relationship or DIY effort if a commissioned product is truly the best fit for an aspect of your plan.
No Guarantee of Outperformance or Competence
Working with a fiduciary is not a magic bullet. Fiduciary duty guarantees an ethical standard, not investment results. A fiduciary advisor could still make poor investment picks or strategic mistakes (they’re human, and markets are unpredictable). Likewise, some advisors who market themselves as fiduciaries may vary in experience or skill. As one source notes, “the fee-only label often conveys professionalism, but it doesn't guarantee expertise” or that the advisor’s specialization matches your needs. You should still vet an advisor’s qualifications, experience, and track record. Additionally, being a fiduciary doesn’t mean an advisor will always avoid all conflicts – they might have some business relationships or proprietary offerings that you should understand (though a fiduciary must disclose these).
Always do due diligence: check their background and make sure you feel comfortable with their competence and style.
Potential Perceived Lack of Incentive
This is a subtle point, but unlike a broker who might be very driven to increase their compensation via transactions, a salaried or flat-fee fiduciary has no direct financial incentive tied to specific recommendations or portfolio performance. For example, an advisor who charges a flat annual fee gets paid the same regardless of how your investments perform in the short term. In theory, one might worry this could make them less motivated to maximize returns. However, their incentive is reputation, retention, and growing assets over time (for AUM-fee advisors, their revenue does rise if your portfolio grows). Still, it’s wise to understand how your advisor is motivated – a fiduciary’s promise is to do right by you, but you should feel confident in their personal drive to help you succeed. The flip side: a broker might be “incentivized” to churn your account or sell unnecessary products to earn more commissions, which is a risk you generally avoid with a fiduciary.
In summary, the downsides of working with a fiduciary advisor often come down to cost and access (you’re paying for advice directly, which can be pricey for some, and not every advisor caters to small accounts) and understanding the scope (they won’t sell products, so you’ll handle implementation of certain recommendations elsewhere). These are usually outweighed by the benefits for those who want unbiased advice, but it’s important to go in with eyes open about fees and logistics.
When seeking a fiduciary advisor, you’ll want to both find candidates who likely uphold fiduciary standards and verify their credentials and record. Here are steps and resources to help:
Check Registration on SEC’s Adviser Database
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) provides an Investment Adviser Public Disclosure (IAPD) website where you can look up individuals and firms. Always verify that any financial advisor is properly licensed or registered. On Investor.gov (the SEC’s portal), you can enter the advisor’s name; the system will tell you if they are registered as an investment adviser (fiduciary) or as a broker (or both), and show any disciplinary history. Investment advisers registered with the SEC or state regulators are held to a fiduciary duty. The database will also link to Form ADV filings – these are disclosure documents that spell out the firm’s services, fees, potential conflicts of interest, and any past issues.
Reviewing an advisor’s Form ADV Part 2 brochure is one of the best ways to confirm their fiduciary status and understand how they do business. (Item 11 of Form ADV Part 2A will list any disciplinary disclosures.) If the person is registered only as a broker, they are not a fiduciary (though they still have obligations under FINRA/Reg BI).
Tip: The SEC’s adviser search will automatically direct you to FINRA’s BrokerCheck if the person is a broker-dealer representative. BrokerCheck (brokercheck.finra.org) is another free tool to see a financial professional’s registrations and any customer complaints or regulatory actions. Use these tools to ensure the advisor has a clean record and to verify their registrations.
Look for Credentialed Fiduciary Professionals
Certain professional designations inherently carry a fiduciary commitment. The CFP® (Certified Financial Planner) certification is a notable example – CFP practitioners must agree to act as fiduciaries when providing financial advice, according to the CFP Board’s Code of Ethics. The CFP Board maintains a site (LetsMakeAPlan.org) where you can Find a CFP® Professional in your area. Searching there can be a good starting point to find planners who have met rigorous education, exam, and experience requirements and who commit to ethical standardst. However, not all CFPs are fee-only, so you’ll still want to ask about their compensation (CFPs can work at brokerage firms too). Another credential to look for is CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst), common among investment managers, who also adhere to a code of ethics that includes fiduciary principles.
While credentials aren’t mandatory, working with an advisor who is a CFP, CFA, or has a similar designation can provide additional assurance of their professionalism and knowledge. You can verify an individual’s CFP certification status and any disciplinary history on the CFP Board’s website.
Use Fiduciary Advisor Directories (NAPFA and Others)
The National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA) is a leading professional association for fee-only, fiduciary financial planners. All NAPFA members must “work in a Fee-Only, fiduciary capacity committed to aligning their compensation solely with a client’s needs.” In other words, NAPFA advisors take no commissions and sign a fiduciary oath. NAPFA’s website offers a “Find an Advisor” search tool that allows you to locate member advisors by location and specialty. If you find an advisor through NAPFA, you can be confident they are fee-only fiduciaries who meet NAPFA’s education and experience requirements.
Other resources include the Fee-Only Network or Garrett Planning Network (for hourly fee-only planners), and the XY Planning Network (which lists fee-only fiduciary advisors specializing in younger clients and those without high asset minimums). These networks can be useful if you have a specific need or are below the typical account minimums – every advisor listed will generally be committed to a fiduciary, client-first approach.
Ask the Right Questions and Get It in Writing
Once you have a few advisor candidates, don’t be shy about confirming their fiduciary status directly. Ask them, “Will you act as a fiduciary at all times when managing my finances?” A true fiduciary should be able to answer “yes” without caveats. In fact, the simplest way to be sure is to just ask the advisor if they are a fiduciary – most honest professionals will respond candidly. You can also request that it be stipulated in your engagement agreement. Many investor advocates suggest having the advisor sign a fiduciary oath or put in writing that they have a fiduciary duty to you. Additionally, request a copy of their Form ADV Part 2 brochure (or look it up online) and read through it.
This document will explicitly state whether the firm acts as a fiduciary, how they earn money, and any conflicts of interest. As the SEC points out, disclosure of conflicts is required – a firm can have conflicts (like revenue-sharing from certain funds) and still be fiduciary as long as they disclose, but you’ll want to know about those. Being an informed consumer is key: use the tools above and trust but verify any claims an advisor makes about being “fee-only” or “independent” or “fiduciary.”
Verify Disciplinary History
As part of your due diligence, use the SEC and FINRA tools to see if the advisor has any disciplinary red flags. The SEC’s IAPD and FINRA’s BrokerCheck will show if the person or their firm has been subject to investor complaints, regulatory actions, lawsuits, or criminal charges. A clean record is a good sign. A record with multiple issues – like previous client complaints or violations – is a warning sign to be cautious or look elsewhere. It’s normal to see minor disclosures for things like customer disputes that were denied, but pay attention to any patterns of misconduct. You can also Google the advisor’s name plus “SEC” or “FINRA” to see if any news articles or press releases come up regarding their practice.
By leveraging these resources – SEC and FINRA databases, CFP Board and NAPFA directories, and the advisor’s own disclosures – you can ensure you’re working with a legitimate fiduciary advisor who is qualified and has a clean professional record.
When you interview a prospective financial advisor (even one advertised as a fiduciary), asking the right questions will help you confirm their status and determine if they’re the right fit. Here are some key questions to include in your conversation:
Are you a fiduciary, and will you act as a fiduciary 100% of the time with me?
This is the most important question. You want to hear that they always put client interests first. Some advisors may say “yes, when I’m providing investment advice,” but if they are dual-registered, clarify that they won’t revert to a salesperson role in any part of your relationship. A true fiduciary should willingly acknowledge their obligation to work in your best interest and not hesitate to put that in writing. (If an advisor says, “We operate under a suitability standard” or dances around the answer, that’s a red flag that they are not bound to fiduciary duty in all cases.)
How do you get paid?
Understand exactly how the advisor is compensated. Ask: “Is your compensation fee-only, or do you receive any commissions, referral fees, or third-party payments?”. A fiduciary can be commission-based in some cases (for instance, an RIA who also sells insurance might still be fiduciary when advising on investments but earns a commission on an insurance policy). You need clarity on this. Ideally, look for “fee-only” advisors, meaning all their compensation comes from client fees (no product commissions). If the advisor is fee-based, have them explain which part of their business might involve commissions and how they manage those conflicts. Also ask about their fee structure: “Do you charge by the hour, a flat project fee, or a percentage of assets? What would my estimated cost be over a year?” Knowing the all-in costs is crucial – including any underlying investment fees. A reputable advisor will be transparent about fees and should also articulate why their fee structure is aligned with your best interests (for example, fee-only and no commissions to minimize bias). Be cautious if an advisor avoids the topic or claims “my services are free” – nothing is truly free, they might be getting paid by product providers in those cases.
Do you have any disclosures or past disciplinary issues?
It’s perfectly acceptable to ask, “Have you or your firm ever been subject to any disciplinary actions, customer complaints, or regulatory penalties?”. Honest advisors will not bristle at this question. They should be able to tell you if they have a clean record or, if there have been issues, explain the context. You can cross-verify their answer with the BrokerCheck and IAPD databases, but asking in person tests their transparency. A fiduciary advisor should willingly share their Form ADV Part 2 and point out the Item 11 (Disclosures) section if anything is listed. If an advisor has multiple disclosures and seems evasive or downplays them, consider that a major warning sign.
What are your qualifications and credentials?
Ask about the advisor’s educational background and professional designations. “Are you a CFP® professional, CFA, ChFC, or do you hold any other certifications? What licenses do you have?”. Credentials like CFP indicate they have specific training and have committed to ethical standards (CFP, for instance, enforces fiduciary advice). Licenses will tell you if they’re a Series 65/66 licensed investment adviser (fiduciary) or Series 7/insurance licensed (which could mean they also sell products).
Also inquire, “How many years of experience do you have, and have you worked through different market cycles?” Experience matters, and it’s helpful to know if the advisor has dealt with clients with similar needs as yours. Essentially, gauge if they are both qualified and a good fit for your particular financial situation.
What services do you provide, and what is your approach to financial planning?
Fiduciary advisors often offer comprehensive planning. Clarify the scope: “Do you only manage investments, or do you also provide retirement planning, tax planning, estate planning, insurance analysis, etc.?”. If you need holistic advice, you’ll want an advisor who can either provide it or coordinate with other professionals. Understanding their services also helps you see how they might handle potential conflicts (e.g., if they don’t sell insurance but give advice on it, that’s typically a fiduciary approach).
Additionally, ask “What does a financial plan or investment strategy look like for a client like me?” This isn’t about getting free advice on the spot, but about understanding their philosophy and process. A fiduciary advisor should start with your goals and needs, not pushing products. If they immediately pitch specific investments before understanding your situation, that’s a concern.
Who is your typical client, and do you have a minimum account size?
“Do you specialize in any type of client?” For instance, some advisors mainly work with retirees, others with young professionals or small-business owners. If you hear they deal mostly with ultra-high-net-worth families and you’re of more modest means (or vice versa), ask how that might affect the relationship. Also, “Do you require a minimum investment or a minimum annual fee?”. This will tell you if they’ll be able to work with you in the long run and whether you fit their client profile. A fiduciary should be upfront about any minimums or fees so you’re not caught off guard. If you don’t meet their minimum, they might have alternatives (like a one-time plan or a referral to another advisor). Knowing this early prevents mismatched expectations.
Will you be the person working with me, or do you have a team?
If the advisor works as part of a team or is at a larger firm, ask how clients are serviced. “Will I primarily interact with you, or with junior advisors or support staff?” Both models can work, but you want to understand who is handling your money and advice. If they use a team approach, ask to meet the team or at least know the credentials of those who might assist you. The key is that the fiduciary standard extends to the whole team. You might also inquire how often you will meet or communicate (e.g., quarterly reviews, annual planning updates, etc.) to ensure their service model meets your needs.
How do you handle situations that could be conflicts of interest?
Even fiduciaries can face conflicts (for example, an advisor might receive an incentive to use a particular custodian or might earn more fee if you keep more money invested rather than paying off a mortgage). Ask, “Can you give an example of a potential conflict of interest in your practice and how you would address it?” A thoughtful advisor might mention that while they strive to avoid conflicts, any that exist are disclosed in the ADV and they would discuss them openly with you. They might also mention they avoid commissions, or that they have an investment committee or compliance oversight to ensure decisions are in clients’ best interests. The point is to see if they are transparent and principled about managing conflicts. A fiduciary should welcome this question as it shows you care about ethical practice.
Can I review some sample plans or client outcomes (with personal info removed)?
This question is optional, but a good advisor often has anonymized examples of their work. You might say, “I’d love to see an example of the kind of financial plan or portfolio report you provide, just to understand the depth of your advice.” This can illustrate how comprehensive their work is. While they can’t share other clients’ data, many have case studies or templates. It also signals whether they focus mostly on selling investments or truly plan holistically.
Will you provide your recommendations in writing and help educate me?
A strong fiduciary advisor doesn’t just tell you what to do – they educate you on why. Ask if they will provide a written plan or written investment policy statement. Also, “How do you help clients understand the advice and stay informed?” The best relationships feel like partnerships, where the advisor empowers you with knowledge. This question isn’t directly about fiduciary duty, but a fiduciary mindset often includes client education (because it’s in your best interest to understand your finances). Their answer will reveal if they have a clear, client-friendly communication style.
When interviewing advisors, take notes on their answers and demeanor. A true fiduciary will be transparent and patient in addressing these questions. Don’t hesitate to interview multiple advisors and compare responses. You are effectively hiring someone to manage or advise on your life savings, so it’s worth taking the time to find a trustworthy, qualified professional who prioritizes you. By focusing on fiduciary status, compensation, services, and track record through the questions above, you’ll be well-equipped to make an informed choice.
AI now supports—not replaces—fiduciary decision-making. Used properly, it helps advisors uphold the duty of care by widening the research funnel, speeding routine tasks, and improving documentation. Advisors commonly deploy AI tools to:
Some modern advisors publicly report using LevelFields AI to surface event-driven opportunities and risks, then applying human judgment to decide if an alert fits a client’s plan. For instance, advisors like Michael Flatley have described incorporating AI tools (including LevelFields) to keep tabs on markets and inform client recommendations. Treat these as advisor-reported practices (not third-party performance audits): the human advisor still owns suitability, sizing, taxes, liquidity, and timing—and must document why any action serves the client’s best interest.
AI doesn’t change the legal standard; it changes the workflow. A fiduciary who uses AI should be able to show:
Bottom line
In a fiduciary framework, AI is a power tool—not an autopilot. Advisors (including those who say they use LevelFields AI) still owe clients prudent selection, ongoing oversight, clear disclosures, and documented best-interest reasoning. If those boxes are checked, AI can make the fiduciary process faster, more consistent, and better evidenced.
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